lwher



G.H.JLENHER.

Churn.

Patented Dec. 11, 1866.

U-No.6o,391.

vby swinging covers P P. From opposite sides of the churn arise hooks J, which,` in connee'tionwithcarrisKK;`

` not be the case were such masses allowed to rotate continually with the dashers. Upon the hollow shaft C, 1

IMPROVEMENT IN entiers.

encuen n. Leimen, or meHMoNnfvmeiNiA.

Letters Patent 60,391, dated 'December 11, `1866. i

tite Seattle narra tu iu ttm @tutti hasnt' :mt making omai the gonfie.l

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY GONCERN: q q Be it known that I, GEORGE H. Lmmnn, of Richmond, in the county of `Henrico,"and State `of' Virginia, ,i have invented a new and useful Improvement in Churns; and do hereby declare thatythe` following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make anduse the saine, reference being had lto the accompanying drawing, formingV part of this spccication, in whieh- Figure 1 is a vertical scctin of a churn madeaccording to my invention. A` Figure 2 is a plan., Figure 3 is a detailed view, showing how the cover isfastcned on. q One of the objects of this improvement in churns is the supplying of air from the outside, and mixingait` with the milk and cream through a hollow spindle and hollow dashers, one side `of the` latter, near their ends, being perforated. The milk and cream are resisted in their tendency-to acquire a rotarymotioh `byfiiregiil i I counter-dashers which extend downward from the under side of the cover. The cover is fastened `on means of cams which work in hooks that 'rise from opposite sides of the body of the churn. i i l A designates the body of a churn, and B its cover. The latter has tw'o perforationgQQ, which are elols fastened onopposite sides of the cover, serve to fasten the cover to the body ofthe churn. D is a metallic i frame secured on the top of the cover, and rising therefrom, as shown in the drawing.. The lower part of the` `1 frame is a ilat piece that extends across the cover diametrically, and carrying on its` endscam's K K,` whichare l; i i, carried into the hooks .I J by turning the cover in a horizontal direction after it is `fitted on the bodyzof thef churn, the open sides of the hooks KK being presented in opposite directionsfor this purpose. The highestpart i of the frame D has a handle I, which enables one to remove the cover with ease;` and just below thelevel bf` i the handle is a collar I-IV, supported by the frame, in which is inserted the upper end of a hollow revolving q spindle C that extends downward therefrom through the bottom plate of frame and through the cover, belowI which it is made of a square form, ittin g within the upper end of the square tube or spindleL, that `rises from i the lower 'part of the churn.' This'tube or spindle L communicates at its lower end with a horizontal tube M, open at both ends, and whose length is nearly equal to. th diameter of the lower part of the churn. `The t i horizontal tube M forms thedashers of the churn, and it rotates upon a pivot N,.rising from the bottom of ,the` 3 i churn. The dashers are made to revolve by means of the fitting together of the 'square tubes or spihdlesC and L, which,together, form one hollow shaft or spindle, which commmunieates with the dashers M M. The; i, dashers are perforated near their ends with numerous holes made on the sides, which are in the rear` when the` i dashers Aare in motion. Motion having been given to the dashcrs, a partial vacuum is` formed behind them, i, which causes the air in the dashers M to iiow out through their pcrforations,` and the air so withdrawn `from the dashers is supplied through the 'hollow shaft'L C.; Thus a` constant` stream of fresh air is brought from; i above into the churn and delivered in the midst of the mass of milk and cream at the lower partuofithe churn; The air being lighter than the milk and cream, seeks to liberate itself and rises through them in minutebubbles, causing a foam on the surface of their mass. O O are broad plates of metal, or other suitable material, which extend down from the-under 'side of the cover B nearly to the level of the dashers. `The masses of the cream and milk are dashed with violence against the 'fixed counter-dashersO O, and the rotation of such masses is;` 1 i thereby prevented, so that the action of the dashers M upon the contents of the churn'is constant, which would i. 3 I

above the cover, vis fixed a bevel-gear G, which is engaged by a larger bevel-gearF,` on.a` horizontal shaft which has bearings in frame D. This shaft may be rotated by means of a crank, and thus the dashers are pnt in motion.

I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent- .i Y l 1. The arrangement of the hollow spindleL, perforated rotating tube M, and vertical fixed counter` f dashers o o, constructed and operating in the manner and for the purpose herein described. i i 2'. I also claim fastening on the covers of churns by means of hooks on lopposite sides of their bodies', andf l of revolving cams bn the edges of the covers, substantially as described. q

. GEOuH. LENHERQ` Witnesses: y 1

A. McCURDEr,

Gao. W. SIzEn. 

